Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Essay

I decided to write my paper about the coagulation system, including clot physical composition, only when mainly about Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, also known as DIC, is a pathologic activation of logical argument clotting mechanisms that may happen in receipt to a variety of diseases, or illnesses. However, DIC, is most commonly observed in severe sepsis and septic shock. DIC is not a specific illness, rather it is a complication or an effect of the progression of other illnesses or diseases. (Porth, 2011). When the tree trunk becomes injured, certain proteins in your rake become blow upd and travel to the detriment site to help stop bleeding and control hemostasis. Hemostasis is the familiar process of sealing off a blood vessel to frustrate blood loss and hemorrhage. It is abnormal when it fails to appropriately clot the blood, or when this clotting is insufficient to stop the bleeding. Following an injury, there is an immediate vessel cramp that promotes vasoconstriction, which tries to diminish the blood flow.Collagen from the shamed site, outlets blood platelets which adhere to the damaged vessel, and there, they undergo degranulation and release cytoplasmic granules, ADP, Thromboxane A2, and Serotonin which is a vasoconstrictor. The ADP then attracts more platelets to the ara, and the Thromboxane A2 promotes platelet aggregation, degranulation, and even more vasoconstriction. This process promotes the formation of a platelet plug. The damaged tissue now releases Factor III (3), which, with the aid of Ca++, allow for activate Factor VII (7), which initiates the extrinsic mechanism of clotting. Factor cardinal (12), which comes from active platelets, will activate Factor XI (11), which initiates the intrinsic mechanism. twain active Factors VII (7), and active Factors XI (11), promote a cascade-like reaction, finally activating Factor X (10). Activating Factor X (10), along with Fac tor III (3), V (5), Ca++, and Platelet Thromboplastic Factor, all activate prothrombin.Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin initially forms a loose mesh, notwithstanding then Factor XIII, (13) causes the formation of cross link-like structures, which convert fibrin into denser fibers. Platelets and red blood cells become caught up in this mesh of fiber, and the end result is the formation of a blood clot. (Liebman, et al, 2008). Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, as stated earlier, leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels, and may occur in 30-50% of patients with sepsis. It develops in an estimated 1% of all hospitalized patients. DIC occurs at all ages and in all races, and no busy sex predisposition has been noted. (Matsuda, 1996).As stated above, that massive activation of the cascade-like reaction as a normal clotting mechanism, now causes a coevals of microthrombi to release tha t make vessels occlude and leads to tissue ischemia. All these clot formations bolt down the available coagulation proteins and platelets. They become depleted and severe hemorrhage may result. The common bleeding sites are the mouth, nose and venipuncture sites. There is extensive bruising, and quaternary organ failure. Laboratory findings show the PT and APTT are usually very prolonged and the fibrinogen level is markedly reduced. High levels of fibrin degradation products are noted. There is severe thrombocytopenia.The only effective treatment is reversing the underlying cause. Platelets may be transfused if counts are less than 5-10,000/mm and massive hemorrhage is occurring. gratifying frozen plasma can also be administered in an travail to replenish the coagulation factors, though these are only temporary measures and may result in an increased development of even more thrombi. The vista varies depending on the cause and extent of the intravascular thrombosis. For patien ts with DIC, regardless of the cause, it is often sad, and between 10% and 50% of these patients will die. DIC with sepsis has a significantly higher rate of ending than DIC that is associated with trauma.ReferencesLeibman, H.A., Weitz, I.C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. InHoffman, R., Benz, E.J., Shattil, S.S., et al, eds. HematologyBasic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone 2008 132. Matsuda, T. Clinical aspects of DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation. politico Journal of Pharmacology.Jan-Feb 199648(1)73-5. Medline. Porth Mattson, C. 2011. Essentials of Pathophysiology. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PaLippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. Schafer, A. I. Hemorrhagic disordersdisseminated intravascular coagulation, liver failure, and vitamin K deficiency. InGoldman, L., Ausiello D. eds. Cecil Medicine. twenty-third ed. Philadelphia, Pa Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone 2008chap 181.