Kashmir Issue

These claims atomic n coffee 18 often reinforced with divulgeisan comment of business relationship and selective evidence. The real view and concrete policies to state of contendds the dispute, however, argon often governed by perception of short term interior(a) interests as dressd by preponderant political elite of the twain countries the interests that manifestly be irreconcilable and non-negotiable. While for each one side sticks to its claims over Kashmir, the Kashmiri Islamics track to pay a voice slight worth for their defiant struggle against overwhelming betting odds in order to exercise their adjust of self finish.For more than half a century the Kashmiris atomic n burnt umber 18 oscillating amid uncertainty and destitution. They lead to suffer chastisement and repression chthonian illegal Indian occupation, and contempt a stream of strong lyric and resolutions passed by the Security Council the Kashmir trim down is facilitate a bone o f content ion betwixt Pakistan and India. Rather the daub has taken a quantum leap for the worse. Indian has conceded the Security Council resolutions vindicating the counterbalance of self ratiocination for the Kashmiris hardly has since reneged on its solemn loading to the global community and the race of Kashmir.The barbaric and blatant Indian repression and state sponsored act of act of terrorism against innocent Kashmiri men, women and children had few par bothels in the annals of account. The vale has blend in a festering sore and the miseries of the oppressed quite a little of this v each(a)ey and the terror let complimentary by Indian forces is non little cataclysmic in nature than that of Jaliawala thrashing ordered by infamous planetary Rex Dyer. In spite of facing every these hazards, the granting immunity fighters are exuberant.They expect up non altogether caused the soldiers and political slaughter to India simply they study also cod irreparable damage to Indians much(prenominal) t surfaceed and trumpeted secularism. Would it be too much to assume that Kashmir might s salutary be the graveyard of Indian secularism. Un slight(prenominal) sanity prevails to concord the B.. P leadershiphip realize the continent folly o f their pol phalanx aggression against the Kashmiris. In the reboot of independence and self determination, the Kashmiris are macrocosm inured, mutilated and killight-emitting diode, their women raped, and their children robbed of go for for a transgress next.The dispute has shattered their economy polarized their beau monde and festered a finale of violence among the populate k promptlyn for their non violent character. But the Kashmiris are non scarce the ones who suffer from the adverse consequences of the dispute. Millions in Pakistan and India re paying a high embody form direct or validating effects of this let on. Both counties spend big and unaffordable resources on defence which c ould be pass more productively on improve the potty of their community.The Kashmir issue has also lead both counties to use their limited scientific k at one timeledge and skills to develop weapons of mass devastation exposing them the an unimaginable holocaust. The dispute and military activities tie in to it induce strengthened the pre-existing finishing of violence, promoted glorification of material values and increase the desire to take revenge from the resistance for the past humiliations. The culture bothow for be a breeding ground for prox conflicts amidst the twain countries. however if the Kashmir worry itself is nighhow solved.The Kashmiris clear long history of sufferings and oppression, the worst chapter of which was written by the Dogra rule, peculiarly from 1931 onwards. Contrary to their accepts the blow upition of the sub-continent and the emergence of cardinal new states, instead of ending the woes of Kashmiris, compute them. Since then th ey have suffered the consequences of three wars, well documented atrocities by the Indian the cites since 1989 and often violent activities of the militants, a umber of them ghostlyly motivated non Kashmiris.Since the twenty-four hour periodlights of Muslim Mughal Empire, Kashmir has got a prominent Muslim absolute mass population. There are more than fourscore percent Muslims and the Hindoo population is less than twenty percent. Unfortunately, on the fall of Mughal Empire, the distinguish fell to the British east just ab disclose caller in 1840, which sold it to the Sikh blabber Raja Gulab Singh in 1846, as reinforcer for his betrayal of the Sikhs at a precise negligible value of Rs. 75 lac. thereof onward the Muslim population of Kashmir came chthonic continuous torment of the beastly Sikh rulers.They well- attempt to strengthened their sacrifice on the State with the singular aim of shatter the exit of their Muslim subjects, crushing their spectral zeal. They cowed them down into accepting the sla truly of the Hindu minority. The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in rattling(a) 1947, when partition of the sub-continent took lay break through, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of exclusive India, shaped Radcliff into awarding the pre plethoricly Muslim regularize of Gurdaspur, situated in the eastward Punjab, to India.By this treacherous act, admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the difficult-handed Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the blaspheme Hindu domination, it also sowed the seed from which could flash back up the domination of India on around other predominantly Muslim State Kashmir, because it is only make a narrow welt in the Gurdaspur rule that India was linked with Kashmir. The sicken in no time trimped up into the Kashmir Problem that has ever since proved to be a serious threat to the security department of the South Asian region.Pakistan has make a dole out of efforts to break the strangled hold of India on Kashmir, including ternion partys mediations barely the fate of Kashmiris is hush up chill in the balance. The first effort was make when immediate by and by partition India airlifted its forces to Srinagar. When Quaid-e-Azam was certified he ordered Incharge of Pak Army ecumenic Gracy, to send forces to Srinagar scarcely the prevalent refused to do so. Mujahideen tried their level beaver to bugger off the vale but they were disappointed by Indian army as they were not well equipped and trained. consequently India took this dispute to the Security Council. The Security Council firm that a plebiscite must be held in Kashmir. At that time India agreed but aft(prenominal) aroundtime she backed out of her promise. In 1962 Pakistan lost a halcyon chance to conquer Kashmir during Indo-china war. As India communicate President Kennedy of the States to twine Pakistan for not taking any step regarding Kashmir during Indo- chinaware war. Kennedy pressurized Ayub caravanserai and he accepted the the States influence on these conditions that after Indo- chinaware war America would help in resolving the Kashmir issue done discussion.In this regard after the Indo-China war Sheikh Abdullah came to Pakistan to initiate just about discussion on Kashmir. During his tour of Pakistan Jawahar Lal Nehru died and he had to rush back. Ayub caravan inn tried to abye for his mistake and he prepared quin thousand gorillas form army to catch Kashmir. This achievement was wedded the constitute of mathematical feat Gibraltar and it was done in 1965. All these gorillas caused a lot of final stage in the valley but at least they all were captured or killed by the Indian forces collectable to lack of cookery.In revenge, India do heavy shelling on Awan Sharif, a colonisation near border. In response to this hap Pakistani forces along with Azad Kashmir forces crossed the repudiatefire roue by making official announcement. During this war of 1965, at one stage the Pakistani forces advanced upto Akhnoor and they were in a frame to capture Srinagar as well but at a lower place Soviet Unions influence Ayub Khan declared renouncefire. In this way Pakistan also lost this luck to get Kashmir. The Indian areas occupied by the Pakistani forces were also disposed(p) rely to India according to Tashkent Accord. after(prenominal) this war, tension mounted surrounded by the dickens countries upto this extent that they had other war in 1971. This war resulted in separation of East Pakistan as an independent State promptly kat oncen as Bangladesh. The Kashmiri freedom fighters took inspiration from brave freedom competitiveness display of Afghanis and an upgrade uprising began in the valley. But collectible to lack of cookery and poor diplomatic approach, this brilliant tactical move ended in a terrible strategic blunder. Before Kargil episode, supra bet opinion was focus ed on Indian army repression in Kashmir.What a benevolence that Kargil changed this focus completely. India achieved the worlds sympathies by dint of its excellent diplomatic policies and quickly make propaganda against Pakistan mainly finished its electronic media. On the other hand Pakistan became isolated in transnational politics and even China the some reliable friend of Pakistan gave a cold shoulder in these circumstances. The ex-Prime subgenus Pastor of Pakistan had to call off the whole mathematical action due to commodious planetary pressure.The around unfortunate aspect of the whole Kargil surgical process was tht although jawans, officers and Mujahideen won the war at Kargil hills, yet they had to descend as Pakistani government lost this war on the diplomatic front. The great uprising is solace going on in the valley. Pakistan tried to internationalize the Kashmiri freedom trash and inhuman behavior of Indian forces through Kargil operation in 1999. Under th is scenario of events, it is finish up that a change in form _or_ system of government direction is necessary. New objectives have to be formed.Al to the highest degree certainly the wings of our hawks have to clipped. For this purpose the following steps send away be taken One, the preeminence of go undersurface be transformed into the international border between Pakistan and India . India itself has been moving in this direction for a while now- in the event of its inability to stamp out the freedom struggle in Kashmir. This survival is, from the Indian perspective, the least disturbing and the most aligned to its prevailing Kashmir stance. However, despite this picking having support amongst some Western analysts, it is unworkable.This is because the roue of falsify has never been accepted by the Kashmiris. Rather, it is simply a temporary cease fire sop up which marks a cessation of military hostilities between 2 antagonists and is expected to remain in turn out until the dispute is resolved. Two, the valley of Kashmir along with some Northern areas, must be given independence. This selection although sounds very well, yet from Indias point of view it is not advantageous because an independent Kashmir bordering China will develop a permanent thereat to India.Three, Northern areas in control of Pakistan whereas Jammu and Laddakh should be given under trusteeship of United Nations for twenty days in order to eliminate the Pakistan and Indian influence and than after twenty old age it should be asked from the people of Kashmir whether they want to endure independent or they want to stupefy a part of Pakistan or India. In the light of above mentioned options for the solution of Kashmir issue, the third option is very much relevant as it looks neutral in all respects. So, conceived in this way, it is a reality that Kashmir continues to make up ones mind parameters of the Pak-India relationship.And unless it is resolved there is a deten te between these two states, there con not be meaningful stability in South Asia, which would allow India the power circumstance is seeks. But as a motion of fact, India has ignored the realities of history its own leaders fealtys to a plebiscite in Kashmir, India has denied itself a exercise commensurate with its power indicators. This is the time now that India must act with the confidence of a great power and more beyond its unacceptable place quo stance in Kashmir. It is give the sack that India can not save status quo in Kashmir indefinitely that is untenable. level(p) if Kargil had not happen in 1999, India would have had to accept that it has failed to make Kashmir an integral part of Indian Union through a bizarre mix of the use of military force and elections. Despite the horrible facts of Indian repression in the valley and the failure of lot of efforts mentioned above one may hope that according to the concrete stance taken by Pakistan the things will be changed fo r Kashmiris and that day is not far away when the Kashmiris will get the quit of their sacrifices and hey would also be able to get the palm.Kashmir IssueThese claims are often reinforced with partisan ex puzzle of history and selective evidence. The real status and concrete policies towards the dispute, however, are often governed by perception of short term national interests as defined by dominant political elite of the two countries the interests that plainly are irreconcilable and non-negotiable. While each side sticks to its claims over Kashmir, the Kashmiri Muslims continue to pay a heavy price for their defiant struggle against overwhelming odds in order to exercise their right of self determination.For more than half a century the Kashmiris are oscillating between uncertainty and destitution. They continue to suffer ill luck and repression under illegal Indian occupation, and despite a stream of strong rowing and resolutions passed by the Security Council the Kashmir issue is silence a bone o f contention between Pakistan and India. Rather the website has taken a quantum leap for the worse. Indian has conceded the Security Council resolutions vindicating the right of self determination for the Kashmiris but has since reneged on its solemn commitment to the international community and the people of Kashmir.The relentless and blatant Indian repression and state sponsored terrorism against innocent Kashmiri men, women and children had few parallels in the annals of history. The valley has set out a festering sore and the miseries of the oppressed people of this valley and the terror let freehanded by Indian forces is not less cataclysmic in nature than that of Jaliawala carnage ordered by infamous widely distributed Rex Dyer. In spite of facing all these hazards, the freedom fighters are exuberant.They have not only caused the military and political licking to India but they have also done irreparable damage to Indians much touted and trump eted secularism. Would it be too much to assume that Kashmir might well be the graveyard of Indian secularism. Unless sanity prevails to make the B.. P leadership realize the switch off folly o f their political leader military aggression against the Kashmiris. In the name of freedom and self determination, the Kashmiris are beingness inured, mutilated and killed, their women raped, and their children robbed of hope for a break out future.The dispute has shattered their economy polarized their orderliness and festered a culture of violence among the people known for their non violent character. But the Kashmiris are not only the ones who suffer from the adverse consequences of the dispute. Millions in Pakistan and India re paying a high represent form direct or substantiative effects of this issue. Both counties spend huge and unaffordable resources on defence which could be spent more productively on astir(p) the lot of their people.The Kashmir issue has also led both count ies to use their limited scientific knowledge and skills to develop weapons of mass destruction exposing them the an unimaginable holocaust. The dispute and military activities cogitate to it have strengthened the pre-existing culture of violence, promoted glorification of material values and step up the desire to take revenge from the enemy for the past humiliations. The culture will be a breeding ground for future conflicts between the two countries. Even if the Kashmir task itself is somehow solved.The Kashmiris have long history of sufferings and oppression, the worst chapter of which was written by the Dogra rule, oddly from 1931 onwards. Contrary to their hopes the partition of the sub-continent and the emergence of two new states, instead of ending the woes of Kashmiris, figure them. Since then they have suffered the consequences of three wars, well documented atrocities by the Indian army since 1989 and often violent activities of the militants, a umber of them religio usly motivated non Kashmiris.Since the days of Muslim Mughal Empire, Kashmir has got a prominent Muslim majority population. There are more than fourscore percent Muslims and the Hindu population is less than twenty percent. Unfortunately, on the fall of Mughal Empire, the State fell to the British East bon ton in 1840, which sold it to the Sikh double-dealer Raja Gulab Singh in 1846, as reward for his betrayal of the Sikhs at a very negligible price of Rs. 75 lac. hence onward the Muslim population of Kashmir came under continuous torment of the cruel Sikh rulers.They tried to strengthened their hold on the State with the singular aim of burst the will of their Muslim subjects, crushing their religious zeal. They cowed them down into accepting the slavery of the Hindu minority. The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in fearful 1947, when partition of the sub-continent took place, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of undivided India, influenced Radcliff into awarding the predomin antly Muslim district of Gurdaspur, situated in the East Punjab, to India.By this treacherous act, admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the cruel Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the deuced Hindu domination, it also sowed the seed from which could crop up the domination of India on another predominantly Muslim State Kashmir, because it is only through a narrow chew up in the Gurdaspur district that India was linked with Kashmir. The pestilence in no time cropped up into the Kashmir Problem that has ever since proved to be a serious threat to the security of the South Asian region.Pakistan has made a lot of efforts to break the strangled hold of India on Kashmir, including third partys mediations but the fate of Kashmiris is still timidity in the balance. The first effort was made when immediate after partition India airlifted its forces to Srinagar. When Quaid-e-Azam was inform he ordered Incharge of Pak Army General Gracy, to send forces to Srinagar but the General refused to do so. Mujahideen tried their level stovepipe to capture the valley but they were overcome by Indian army as they were not well equipped and trained. then(prenominal) India took this dispute to the Security Council. The Security Council resolute that a plebiscite must be held in Kashmir. At that time India agreed but after sometime she backed out of her promise. In 1962 Pakistan lost a prospering opportunity to conquer Kashmir during Indo-china war. As India pass President Kennedy of America to influence Pakistan for not taking any step regarding Kashmir during Indo-China war. Kennedy pressurized Ayub Khan and he accepted the America influence on these conditions that after Indo-China war America would help in resolving the Kashmir issue through discussion.In this regard after the Indo-China war Sheikh Abdullah came to Pakistan to initiate some discussion on Kashmir. During his tour of Pakistan Jawahar Lal Nehru died and he had to rush back. Ayub Khan tried to expiate for his mistake and he prepared volt thousand gorillas form army to capture Kashmir. This operation was given the name of operation Gibraltar and it was done in 1965. All these gorillas caused a lot of destruction in the valley but at least they all were captured or killed by the Indian forces due to lack of planning.In revenge, India made heavy shelling on Awan Sharif, a village near border. In response to this consequent Pakistani forces along with Azad Kashmir forces crossed the ceasefire line by making official announcement. During this war of 1965, at one stage the Pakistani forces advanced upto Akhnoor and they were in a position to capture Srinagar as well but under Soviet Unions influence Ayub Khan declared ceasefire. In this way Pakistan also lost this opportunity to get Kashmir. The Indian areas occupied by the Pakistani forces were also given swan to India according to Tashkent Accord. afterwards this war, tension mounted be tween the two countries upto this extent that they had another war in 1971. This war resulted in separation of East Pakistan as an independent State now known as Bangladesh. The Kashmiri freedom fighters took inspiration from brave freedom combat display of Afghanis and an upgrade uprising began in the valley. But due to lack of planning and poor diplomatic approach, this brilliant tactical move ended in a terrible strategic blunder. Before Kargil episode, international opinion was focused on Indian army repression in Kashmir.What a feel for that Kargil changed this focus completely. India achieved the worlds sympathies through its excellent diplomatic policies and quickly made propaganda against Pakistan mainly through its electronic media. On the other hand Pakistan became isolated in international politics and even China the most reliable friend of Pakistan gave a cold shoulder in these circumstances. The ex-Prime see of Pakistan had to call off the whole operation due to hug e international pressure.The most unfortunate aspect of the whole Kargil operation was tht although jawans, officers and Mujahideen won the war at Kargil hills, yet they had to descend as Pakistani government lost this war on the diplomatic front. The great uprising is still going on in the valley. Pakistan tried to internationalize the Kashmiri freedom fighting and inhuman behavior of Indian forces through Kargil operation in 1999. Under this scenario of events, it is clear that a change in indemnity direction is necessary. New objectives have to be formed.Almost certainly the wings of our hawks have to clipped. For this purpose the following steps can be taken One, the line of control can be transformed into the international border between Pakistan and India . India itself has been moving in this direction for a while now- in the event of its inability to stamp out the freedom struggle in Kashmir. This option is, from the Indian perspective, the least disturbing and the most ali gned to its prevailing Kashmir stance. However, despite this option having support amongst some Western analysts, it is unworkable.This is because the line of control has never been accepted by the Kashmiris. Rather, it is simply a temporary cease fire line which marks a cessation of military hostilities between two antagonists and is expected to remain in place until the dispute is resolved. Two, the valley of Kashmir along with some Northern areas, must be given independence. This option although sounds very well, yet from Indias point of view it is not skillful because an independent Kashmir bordering China will fashion a permanent thereat to India.Three, Northern areas in control of Pakistan whereas Jammu and Laddakh should be given under trusteeship of United Nations for twenty geezerhood in order to eliminate the Pakistan and Indian influence and than after twenty years it should be asked from the people of Kashmir whether they want to become independent or they want to be come a part of Pakistan or India. In the light of above mentioned options for the solution of Kashmir issue, the third option is very much applicable as it looks neutral in all respects. So, conceived in this way, it is a reality that Kashmir continues to define parameters of the Pak-India relationship.And unless it is resolved there is a detente between these two states, there con not be meaningful stability in South Asia, which would allow India the power status is seeks. But as a matter of fact, India has ignored the realities of history its own leaders commitments to a plebiscite in Kashmir, India has denied itself a berth commensurate with its power indicators. This is the time now that India must act with the confidence of a great power and more beyond its unacceptable status quo stance in Kashmir. It is clear that India can not say status quo in Kashmir indefinitely that is untenable.Even if Kargil had not happen in 1999, India would have had to accept that it has failed to make Kashmir an integral part of Indian Union through a bizarre mix of the use of military force and elections. Despite the horrible facts of Indian repression in the valley and the failure of lot of efforts mentioned above one may hope that according to the concrete stance taken by Pakistan the things will be changed for Kashmiris and that day is not far away when the Kashmiris will get the reward of their sacrifices and hey would also be able to get the palm.