Effects of pilocarpine and atropine on heart rate

Effects of pilocarpine and atropine on bosom roll schemaHeart identify is controlled in a normal midriff by the parasympathetic and sympathetic sickening systems. Pilocarpine and atropine are cholinergic drugs that affect nerve centre rate by affecting the acetylcholine receptors. A frog shopping center was used to compare the effects of pilocarpine and atropine on nub rate. Pilocarpine was shown to decrease the heart rate and atropine emergenced heart rate. These results are consistent with how the two drugs affect the receptors. IntroductionAlthough the heart has autorhythmic cells the heart rate is regulated by the sympathic and parasympathetic nervous systems of the autonomic nervous system (Dahian, 2006 Silverthorn, 2009 Stabler, 2009). Acetylcholine is released by the parasympathetic nervous system to retard heart rate down (Silverthorn, 2009 Stabler, 2009). Pilocarpine and atropine are cholinergic which means they execute on acetylcholine either by increases its act ivity or decreasing the activity (Silverthorn, 2009 Stabler, 2009). These two drugs also act on the muscarinic receptors which means they act mostly on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (Silverthorn, 2009). Pilocarpine is a muscarinic receptor agonist and increases the activity of acetylcholine released by the parasympathetic nervous system thus slowing the heart rate (Silverthorn, 2009). Atropine on the other hand is a muscarinic receptor antagonist and competes with acetylcholine for binding on the receptors which means it blocks acetylcholine released by the parasympathic system and allows the heart rate to increase (Silverthorn, 2009). A frog heart has three chambers and the human heart beats faster in a normal state but the mechanisms in both hearts are very similar, so a frog heart can be a good candidate for research to pass to humans (Stabler, 2009).Materials and MethodsA frog heart was obtained and hung by placing a hook through the apex of the heart and tying a s tring to the hook and to a metal rod above. Ringers solution was applied to the heart at 23 degrees Celsius. An oscilloscope monitor was also used to monitor the heart rate. Bottles of pilocarpine and atropine were obtained. A fewer drops of pilocarpine were dropped on to the suspended frog heart. Results of heart rate were then recorded once the heart rate was stabilized. style temperature (23C) Ringers solution was then applied to rid the heart of the pilocarpine. A few drops of Atropine were then dropped on to the suspended frog heart. Results of heart rate were again recorded once the heart rate was stabilized. Room temperature Ringers solution was then reapplied to the heart to rid the heart of atropine. (Stabler, 2009)ResultsNormal, initial heart rate was determined by the oscilloscope to be 60 beats per minute (bpm). The stabilized heart rate of the frog heart after pilocarpine was applied was 45bpm. The stabilized heart rate of the frog heart after atropine was applied was 70bpm. remand 1 Effects of Pilocarpine and Atropine on Heart Rate Solution Heart RateNone60Pilocarpine45Atropine70Rate of the frog heart beat before and after pilocarpine and atropine were applied.DiscussionPilocarpine is a muscarinic receptor agonist that increases the activity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (Silverthorn, 2009). This means that pilocarpine increases the effects of acetylcholine in the body. As antecedently historied acetylcholine is used by the parasympathetic nervous system and one of its functions is to slow down the heart rate (Silverthorn, 2009). Therefore since pilocarpine increases the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, it slows down the heart rate. The results are consistent with the function of pilocarpine. some other experiments have been done that show that pilocarpine decreases heart rate as well (Saad, et al., 2003). Atropine is an anticholinergic drug and acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Atropine competes with acetylchol ine for the binding sites on the receptors (Dahian, 2006 Silverthorn, 2009). Once atropine binds it blocks the binding of acetylcholine and thus blocks the effects of acetylcholine (Dahian, 2006 Silverthorn, 2009). As previously noted acetylcholine regulates the heart rate by slowing it down when needed. Since acetylcholine cannot bind the heart rate increases. and then the results are consistent with the way atropine affects acetylcholine receptors. Dahians results on atropine on rats showed that atropine increased the heart rate (2006).Literature CitedDahian, A. (2006). statistical analysis of the effects of atropine and propranolol on the inter-beat interval of rats. Mississippi State University Biomedical Engineering.Saad, W., Guarda, I. F., Camargo, L., Santos, T., Saad, W. A., Guarda, R. S., et al. (2003). Role of nitric oxide of the median(prenominal) preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the alterations of salivary flow, arterial pressure and heart rate induced by gibe of pilocarpin e into the MnPO and intraperitoneally. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 897-905.Silverthorn, D. U. (2009). Human physiology. San Francisco Pearson Education.Stabler, S. P. (2009). PhysioEx 8.0 for Human Physiology Laboratory simulations in physiology. San Francisco Pearson Education.